Category:Book of Esther

''This Book takes its name from queen Esther, whose history is here recorded. The general opinion of almost all commentators on the Holy Scriptures makes Mardochai the writer of it: which also may be collected below from chap. 9 ver. 20.''

King Ahasuerus is the current spelling of King Assuerus. Mordecai is the current spelling of Mardochai. Haman is the current spelling for Aman.

{The book may be divided as follows: Prologue (A:1–17) Esther Becomes Queen (1:1–2:23) Haman’s Plot against the Jews (3:1–13; B:1–7; 3:14–15) Esther and Mordecai Plead for Help (4:1–16; C:1–D:16; 5:1–5) Haman’s Downfall (5:6–8:2) The Jewish Victory and the Feast of Purim (8:3–12; E:1–24; 8:13–9:23) Epilogue: The Rise of Mordecai (9:24–10:3; F:1–11)

The order of the Vulgate text in relation to the order of the Greek text is as follows:

Vulg. 11:2–12:6 =	A:1–17 at the beginning of the book. 13:1–7	 =	B:1–7 after 3:13. 13:8—15:3–19 =	C:1–D:16 after 4:16. 15:1–2	 =	B:8, 9 after 4:8. 16:1–24	 =	E:1–24 after 8:12. 10:4–13	 =	F:1–10 after 10:3.}--excerpt from footnotes from usccb.org on the Book of Esther

Chapter 1
'King Ahasuerus makes a great feast. Queen Vashti being sent for refuses to come: for which disobedience she is deposed.'



1:1. In the days of Ahasuerus, who reigned from India to Ethiopia over a hundred and twenty-seven provinces:

1:2. When he sat on the throne of his kingdom, the city Susan was the capital of his kingdom.

1:3. Now in the third year of his reign he made a great feast for all the princes, and for his servants, for the most mighty of the Persians, and the nobles of the Medes, and the governors of the provinces in his sight,

1:4. That he might show the riches of the glory of his kingdom, and the greatness, and boasting of his power, for a long time, to wit, for a hundred and fourscore days.

1:5. When the days of the feast were expired, he invited all the people that were found in Susan, from the greatest to the least: and commanded a feast to be made seven days in the court of the garden, and of the wood, which was planted by the care and the hand of the king.

'''1:6. There were hung up on every side sky colored, and green, and violet hangings, fastened with cords of silk, and of purple, which were put into rings of ivory, and were held up with marble pillars. The beds also were of gold and silver, placed in order upon a floor paved with porphyry and white marble: which was embellished with painting of wonderful variety.'''

'''1:7. Those who were invited drank in golden cups, and the meats were brought in variety of vessels one after another. Wine also in abundance and of the best was presented, as was worthy of a king's magnificence.'''

1:8. Neither was there anyone to compel those who were unwilling to drink, but as the king had appointed, who set over every table one of his nobles, that every man might take what he pleased.

1:9. Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women in the palace, where king Ahasuerus was used to dwell.

1:10. Now on the seventh day, when the king was merry, and after very much drinking was well warmed with wine, he commanded Mauman, and Bazatha, and Harbona, and Bagatha, and Abgatha, and Zethar, and Charcas, the seven eunuchs that served in his presence,

1:11. To bring in queen Vashti before the king, with the crown set upon her head, to show her beauty to all the people and the princes: for she was exceeding beautiful.



'''1:12. But she refused, and would not come at the king's commandment, which he had signified to her by the eunuchs. Whereupon the king, being angry, and inflamed with a very great fury,'''

1:13. Asked the wise men, who according to the custom of the kings, were always near his person, and all he did was by their counsel, who knew the laws, and judgments of their forefathers:

1:14. (Now the chief and nearest him were, Charsena, and Sethar, and Admatha, and Tharsis, and Mares, and Marsana, and Mamuchan, seven princes of the Persians and of the Medes, who saw the face of the king, and were used to sit first after him:)

1:15. What sentence ought to pass upon Vashti the queen, who had refused to obey the commandment of king Ahasuerus, which he had sent to her by the eunuchs?

1:16. Mamuchan answered, in the hearing of the king and the princes: Queen Vashti has not only injured the king, but also all the people and princes that are in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus.

1:17. For this deed of the queen will go abroad to all women, so that they will despise their husbands, and will say: King Ahasuerus commanded that Queen Vashti should come in to him, and she would not.

1:18. By this example all the wives of the princes of the Persians and the Medes will slight the commandments of their husbands: wherefore the king's indignation is just.

1:19. If it pleases you, let an edict go out from your presence, and let it be written according to the law of the Persians and of the Medes, which must not be altered, that Vashti come in no more to the king, but another, that is better than her, be made queen in her place.

1:20. Let this be published through all the provinces of your empire, (which is very wide,) and let all wives, as well of the greater as of the lesser, give honor to their husbands.

1:21. His counsel pleased the king, and the princes: and the king did according to the counsel of Mamuchan.

1:22. He sent letters to all the provinces of his kingdom, as every nation could hear and read, in multiple languages and characters, that the husbands should be rulers and masters in their houses: and that this should be published to every people.

Chapter 2
'Esther is advanced to be queen. Mordecai detects a plot against the king.'

2:1. After this, when the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased, he remembered Vashti, and what she had done and what she had suffered:

2:2. The king's servants and his officers said: "Let young women be sought for the king, virgins and beautiful,

2:3. "and let some persons be sent through all the provinces to look for beautiful maidens and virgins: and let them bring them to the city of Susan, and put them into the house of the women under the hand of Hegai the eunuch, who is the overseer and keeper of the king's women: and let them receive women's ornaments, and other things necessary for their use.

'''2:4. "Whoever among them all shall please the king's eyes, let her be queen instead of Vashti." The word pleased the king, and he commanded it should be done as they had suggested.'''

2:5. There was a man in the city of Susan, a Jew, named Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin,

2:6. Who had been carried away from Jerusalem at the time that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon carried away Jechoniah king of Judah,

'''2:7. and he had brought up his brother's daughter, Hadassah, who by another name was called Esther: Now she had lost both her parents: and was exceeding fair and beautiful. And her father and mother being dead, Mordecai adopted her for his daughter.'''

2:8. When the king's ordinance was proclaimed abroad, and according to his commandment many beautiful virgins were brought to Susan, and were delivered to Hegai the eunuch: Esther also among the rest of the maidens was delivered to him to be kept in the number of the women.

'''2:9. She pleased him, and found favor in his sight. He commanded the eunuch to hasten the women's ornaments, and to deliver to her her part, and seven of the most beautiful maidens of the king's house, and to adorn and deck out both her and her waiting maids.'''

'''2:10. She would not tell him her people nor her country. For Mordecai had charged her to say nothing at all of that:'''

2:11. He walked every day before the court of the house, in which the chosen virgins were kept, having a care for Esther's welfare, and desiring to know what would befall her.

2:12. Now when every virgin's turn came to go in to the king, after all had been done for setting them off to advantage, it was the twelfth month: so that for six months they were anointed with oil of myrrh, and for the other six months they used certain perfumes and sweet spices.

2:13. When they were going in to the king, they received to adorn themselves whatever they asked, and being decked out, as it pleased them, they passed from the chamber of the women to the king's chamber.

2:14. She that went in at evening, came out in the morning, and from thence she was conducted to the second house, that was under the hand of Shaashgaz the eunuch, who had the charge over the king's concubines: neither could she return any more to the king, unless the king desired it, and had ordered her by name to come.

'''2:15. As the time came orderly about, the day was at hand, when Esther, the daughter of Abihail the brother of Mordecai, whom he had adopted for his daughter, was to go in to the king. But she sought not women's ornaments, but whatsoever Hegai the eunuch the keeper of the virgins had a mind, he gave her to adorn her. For she was exceeding fair, and her incredible beauty made her appear agreeable and amiable in the eyes of all.'''

2:16. So she was brought to the chamber of king Ahasuerus the tenth month, which is called Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign.



2:17. The king loved her more than all the women, and she had favor and kindness before him above all the women, and he set the royal crown on her head, and made her queen instead of Vashti.

2:18. He commanded a magnificent feast to be prepared for all the princes, and for his servants, for the marriage and wedding of Esther, and he gave rest to all the provinces, and bestowed gifts according to princely magnificence.

2:19. When the virgins were sought the second time, and gathered together, Mordecai stayed at the king's gate,

'''2:20. Neither had Esther as yet declared her country and people, according to his commandment. For whatever he commanded, Esther observed: and she did all things in the same manner as she was wont at that time when he brought her up a little one.'''

2:21. At that time, therefore, when Mordecai abode at the king's gate, Bigthan and Teresh, two of the king's eunuchs, who were porters, and presided in the first entry of the palace, were angry: and they designed to rise up against the king, and to kill him.

2:22. Mordecai had notice of it, and immediately he told it to Queen Esther: and she to the king in Mordecai's name, who had reported the thing unto her.

'''2:23. It was inquired into, and found out: and they were both hanged on a gibbet. It was put in the histories, and recorded in the chronicles before the king.'''

Chapter 3
Haman, advanced by the king, is offended at Mordecai, and therefore procures the king's decree to destroy the whole nation of the Jews.

3:1. After these things, King Ahasuerus advanced Haman, the son of Hammedatha, who was of the race of Agag: and he set his throne above all the princes that were with him.

3:2. All the king's servants, that were at the doors of the palace, bent their knees, and worshipped Haman: for so the emperor had commanded them, only Mordecai did not bend his knee, nor worship him.

3:3. The king's servants that were chief at the doors of the palace, said to him: Why do you alone not observe the king's commandment?

3:4. When they were saying this often, and he would not hearken to them, they told Haman, desirous to know whether he would continue in his resolution: for he had told them that he was a Jew.

3:5. Now, when Haman had heard this, and had proved by experience that Mordecai did not bend his knee to him, nor worship him, he was exceedingly angry.

3:6. He counted it nothing to lay his hands upon Mordecai alone: for he had heard that he was of the nation of the Jews, and he chose rather to destroy all the nation of the Jews that were in the kingdom of Ahasuerus.

3:7. In the first month (which is called Nisan) in the twelfth year of the reign of Ahasuerus, the lot was cast into an urn, which in Hebrew is called Pur, before Haman, on what day and what month the nation of the Jews should be destroyed: and there came out the twelfth month, which is called Adar.

3:8. Haman said to King Ahasuerus: There is a people scattered through all the provinces of your kingdom, and separated one from another, that use new laws and ceremonies, and moreover despise the king's ordinances: and you know very well that it is not expedient for your kingdom that they should grow insolent by impunity.

3:9. If it pleases you, decree that they may be destroyed, and I will pay ten thousand talents to your treasurers.

3:10. The king took the ring that he used, from his own hand, and gave it to Haman, the son of Hammedatha of the race of Agag, the enemy of the Jews,

3:11. He said to him: As to the money which you promised, keep it for yourself: and as to the people, do with them as seems good to you.

3:12. The king's scribes were called in the first month Nisan, on the thirteenth day of the same month: and they wrote, as Haman had commanded, to all the king's lieutenants, and to the judges of the provinces, and of the multiple nations, as every nation could read, and hear according to their different languages, in the name of King Ahasuerus: and the letters, sealed with his ring,

3:13. were sent by the king's messengers to all provinces, to kill and destroy all the Jews, both young and old, little children, and women, in one day, that is, on the thirteenth of the twelfth month, which is called Adar, and to make a spoil of their goods.

3:14. The contents of the letters were to this effect, that all provinces might know and be ready against that day.

'''3:15. The couriers that were sent made haste to fulfill the king's commandment. And immediately the edict was hung up in Susan, the king and Haman feasting together, and all the Jews that were in the city weeping.'''

Chapter 4
'Mordecai desires Esther to petition the king for the Jews. They join in fasting and prayer.'

4:1. Now when Mordecai had heard these things, he rent his garments, and put on sackcloth, strewing ashes on his head and he cried with a loud voice in the street in the midst of the city, showing the anguish of his mind.

4:2. He came lamenting in this manner even to the gate of the palace: for no one clothed with sackcloth might enter the king's court.

4:3. In all provinces, towns, and places, to which the king's cruel edict was come, there was great mourning among the Jews, with fasting, wailing, and weeping, many using sackcloth and ashes for their bed.

'''4:4. Then Esther's maids and her eunuchs went in, and told her. And when she heard it she was in a consternation and she sent a garment, to clothe him, and to take away the sackcloth: but he would not receive it.'''

4:5. She called for Hathach the eunuch, whom the king had appointed to attend upon her, and she commanded him to go to Mordecai, and learn of him why he did this.

4:6. Hathach going out went to Mordecai, who was standing in the street of the city, before the palace gate:

4:7. Mordecai told him all that had happened, how Haman had promised to pay money into the king's treasures, to have the Jews destroyed.

4:8. He gave him also a copy of the edict which was hanging up in Susan, that he should show it to the queen, and admonish her to go in to the king, and to entreat him for her people.

4:9. Hathach went back and told Esther all that Mordecai had said.

4:10. She answered him, and bade him say to Mordecai:

'''4:11. All the king's servants, and all the provinces that are under his dominion, know, that whosoever, whether man or woman, come into the king's inner court, who is not called for, is immediately to be put to death without any delay: unless the king shall hold out the golden scepter to him, in token of clemency, that so he may live. How then can I go in to the king, who for these thirty days now have not been called unto him?'''

4:12. When Mordecai had heard this,

4:13. He sent word to Esther again, saying: Do not think that you may save your life only, because you are in the king's house, more than all the Jews:

'''4:14. For if you will remain silent now, the Jews shall be delivered by some other occasion: and you, and your father's house shall perish. And who knows whether you have not therefore come to the kingdom, that you might be ready in such a time as this?'''

4:15. Again Esther sent to Mordecai in these words:

'''4:16. Go, and gather together all the Jews whom you shall find in Susan, and pray for me. Neither eat nor drink for three days and three nights: and I with my handmaids will fast in like manner, and then I will go in to the king, against the law, not being called, and expose myself to death and to danger.'''

4:17. So Mordecai went, and did all that Esther had commanded him.

Chapter 5
Esther is graciously received: she invites the king and Haman to dinner, Haman prepares a gibbet for Mordecai.

'''5:3. The king said to her: What do you desire, queen Esther? what is your request? if you should even ask one half of the kingdom, it shall be given to you.'''

5:4. But she answered: If it pleases the king, I beseech you to come to me this day, and Haman with you to the banquet which I have prepared.

'''5:5. The king said forthwith: Call Haman quickly, that he may obey Esther's will. So the king and Haman came to the banquet which the queen had prepared for them.'''

'''5:6. The king said to her, after he had drunk wine plentifully: What do you desire should be given you? and for what thing do you ask? although you should ask for half of my kingdom, you shall have it.'''

5:7. Esther answered: My petition and request is this:

5:8. If I have found favor in the king's sight, and if it pleases the king to give me what I ask, and to fulfill my petition: let the king and Haman come to the banquet which I have prepared for them, and tomorrow I will open my mind to the king.

'''5:9. So, Haman went out that day joyful and merry. When he saw Mordecai sitting before the gate of the palace, and that he not only did not rise up to honor him, but did not so much as move from the place where he sat, he was exceedingly angry:'''

5:10. But dissembling his anger, and returning into his house, he called together to him his friends, and Zeresh his wife:

5:11. and he declared to them the greatness of his riches, and the multitude of his children, and with how great glory the king had advanced him above all his princes and servants.

5:12. After this he said: Queen Esther also has invited no other to the banquet with the king, but me: and with her I am also to dine tomorrow with the king:

5:13. and whereas I have all these things, I think I have nothing, so long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting before the king's gate.

'''5:14. Then Zeresh his wife, and the rest of his friends answered him: Order a great beam to be prepared, fifty cubits high, and in the morning speak to the king, that Mordecai may be hanged upon it, and so you shall go full of joy with the king to the banquet. The counsel pleased him, and he commanded a high gibbet to be prepared.'''

Chapter 6
The king hearing of the good service done him by Mordecai, commands Haman to honor him next to the king, which he performs.

'''6:10. The king said to him: Make haste and take the robe and the horse, and do as thou hast spoken to Mordecai the Jew, who sits before the gates of the palace. Beware thou pass over any of those things which thou hast spoken.'''

6:11. So Haman took the robe and the horse, and arraying Mordecai in the street of the city, and setting him on the horse, went before him, and proclaimed: This honor is he worthy of, whom the king hath a mind to honor.

6:12. But Mordecai returned to the palace gate: and Haman made haste to go to his house, mourning and having his head covered:

'''6:13. and he told Zares his wife, and his friends, all that had befallen him. And the wise men whom he had in counsel, and his wife answered him: If Mordecai be of the seed of the Jews, before whom thou hast begun to fall, thou canst not resist him, but thou shalt fall in his sight.'''

6:14. As they were yet speaking, the king's eunuchs came, and compelled him to go quickly to the banquet which the queen had prepared.

Chapter 7
Esther's petition for herself and her people: Haman is hanged upon the gibbet he had prepared for Mordecai.

7:1. So the king and Haman went in, to drink with the queen.

'''7:2. The king said to her again the second day, after he was warm with wine: What is your petition, Esther, that it may be granted you? and what do you wish to have done: although you ask for half of my kingdom, you shall have it.'''

7:3. Then she answered: If I have found favor in your sight, O king, and if it pleases you, give me my life for which I ask, and my people for which I request.

'''7:4. For we are given up, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. Would God we were sold for bondmen and bondwomen: the evil might be borne with, and I would have mourned in silence: but now we have an enemy, whose cruelty redounds upon the king.'''

7:5. King Ahasuerus answered and said: Who is this, and of what power, that he should do these things?

'''7:6. Esther said: It is this Haman that is our adversary and most wicked enemy. Haman hearing this was forthwith astonished, not being able to bear the countenance of the king and of the queen.'''



'''7:7. But the king being angry rose up, and went from the place of the banquet into the garden set with trees. Haman also rose up to entreat Esther the queen for his life, for he understood that evil was prepared for him by the king.'''

'''7:8. When the king came back out of the garden set with trees, and entered into the place of the banquet, he found Haman was fallen upon the bed on which Esther lay, and he said: He will force the queen also in my presence, in my own house. The word was not yet gone out of the king's mouth, and immediately they covered his face.'''

'''7:9. Harbona, one of the eunuchs that stood waiting on the king, said: Behold, the gibbet which he has prepared for Mordecai, who spoke for the king, stands in Haman's house, being fifty cubits high. And the king said to him: Hang him upon it.'''

7:10. So Haman was hanged on the gibbet, which he had prepared for Mordecai: and the king's wrath ceased.

Chapter 8
Mordecai is advanced: Haman's letters are reversed.

'''8:1. On that day king Ahasuerus gave the house of Haman, the Jews' enemy, to queen Esther, and Mordecai came in before the king. For Esther had confessed to him that he was her uncle.'''

'''8:2. The king took the ring which he had commanded to be taken again from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai. Esther set Mordecai over her house.'''

8:3. Not content with these things, she fell down at the king's feet and wept, and speaking to him besought him, that he would give orders that the malice of Haman the Agagite, and his most wicked devices which he had invented against the Jews, should be of no effect.

8:4. But he, as the manner was, held out the golden scepter with his hand, which was the sign of clemency: and she arose up and stood before him,

8:5. and said: If it please the king, and if I have found favor in his sight, and my request be not disagreeable to him, I beseech thee, that the former letters of Haman the traitor and enemy of the Jews, by which he commanded that they should be destroyed in all the king's provinces, may be reversed by new letters.

8:6. For how can I endure the murdering and slaughter of my people?

8:7. King Ahasuerus answered Esther the queen, and Mordecai the Jew: I have given Haman's house to Esther, and I have commanded him to be hanged on a gibbet, because he durst lay hands on the Jews.

'''8:8. Write ye therefore to the Jews, as it pleases you in the king's name, and seal the letters with my ring. For this was the custom, that no man durst gainsay the letters which were sent in the king's name, and were sealed with his ring.'''

8:9. Then the king's scribes and secretaries were called for (now it was the time of the third month which is called Siban) the three and twentieth day of the month, and letters were written, as Mordecai had a mind, to the Jews, and to the governors, and to the deputies, and to the judges, who were rulers over the hundred and twenty-seven provinces, from India even to Ethiopia: to province and province, to people and people, according to their languages and characters, and to the Jews, according as they could read and hear.

8:10. These letters which were sent in the king's name, were sealed with his ring, and sent by posts: who were to run through all the provinces, to prevent the former letters with new messages.

8:11. The king gave orders to them, to speak to the Jews in every city, and to command them to gather themselves together, and to stand for their lives, and to kill and destroy all their enemies with their wives and children and all their houses, and to take their spoil.

8:12. One day of revenge was appointed through all the provinces, to wit, the thirteenth of the twelfth month Adar.

8:13. This was the content of the letter, that it should be notified in all lands and peoples that were subject to the empire of king Ahasuerus, that the Jews were ready to be revenged of their enemies.

8:14. So the swift posts went out carrying the messages, and the king's edict was hung up in Susan.



'''8:15. Mordecai going forth out of the palace, and from the king's presence, shone in royal apparel, to wit, of violet and sky color, wearing a golden crown on his head, and clothed with a cloak of silk and purple. All the city rejoiced, and was glad.'''

8:16. But to the Jews, a new light seemed to rise, joy, honor, and dancing.

'''8:17. In all peoples, cities, and provinces, whithersoever the king's commandments came, there was wonderful rejoicing, feasts and banquets, and keeping holy day: Insomuch that many of other nations and religion, joined themselves to their worship and ceremonies. For a great dread of the name of the Jews had fallen upon all.'''

Chapter 9
'The Jews kill their enemies that would have killed them. The days of Phurim are appointed to be kept holy.'

9:1. So on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which as we have said above is called Adar, when all the Jews were designed to be massacred, and their enemies were greedy after their blood, the case being altered, the Jews began to have the upper hand, and to revenge themselves of their adversaries.

To revenge, etc. . .The Jews on this occasion, by authority from the king, were made executioners of the public justice, for punishing by death a crime worthy of death, viz., a malicious conspiracy for extirpating their whole nation.

'''9:2. They gathered themselves together in every city, and town, and place, to lay their hands on their enemies, and their persecutors. And no one durst withstand them, for the fear of their power had gone through every people.'''

9:3. The judges of the provinces, and the governors, and lieutenants, and every one in dignity, that presided over every place and work, extolled the Jews for fear of Mordecai:

9:4. For they knew him to be prince of the palace, and to have great power: and the fame of his name increased daily, and was spread abroad through all men's mouths.

9:5. So the Jews made a great slaughter of their enemies, and killed them, repaying according to what they had prepared to do to them:

9:6. Insomuch that even in Susan they killed five hundred men, besides the ten sons of Haman the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews: whose names are these:

9:7. Pharsandatha, and Delphon, and Esphatha

9:8. and Phoratha, and Adalia, and Aridatha,

9:9. and Phermesta, and Arisai, and Aridai, and Jezatha.

9:10. When they had slain them, they would not touch the spoils of their goods.

9:11. Presently the number of them that were killed in Susan was brought to the king.

'''9:12. He said to the queen: The Jews have killed five hundred men in the city of Susan, besides the ten sons of Haman: how many dost thou think they have slain in all the provinces? What askest thou more, and what wilt thou have me to command to be done?'''

9:13. She answered: If it please the king, let it be granted to the Jews, to do tomorrow in Susan as they have done today, and that the ten sons of Haman may be hanged upon gibbets.

'''9:14. The king commanded that it should be so done. And forthwith the edict was hung up in Susan, and the ten sons of Haman were hanged.'''

9:15. On the fourteenth day of the month Adar the Jews gathered themselves together, and they killed in Susan three hundred men: but they took not their substance.

9:16. Moreover through all the provinces which were subject to the king's dominion the Jews stood for their lives, and slew their enemies and persecutors: insomuch that the number of them that were killed amounted to seventy-five thousand, and no man took any of their goods.

'''9:17. Now the thirteenth day of the month Adar was the first day with them all of the slaughter, and on the fourteenth day they left off. Which they ordained to be kept holy day, so that all times hereafter they should celebrate it with feasting, joy, and banquets.'''

'''9:18. But they that were killing in the city of Susan, were employed in the slaughter on the thirteenth and fourteenth day of the same month: and on the fifteenth day they rested. And therefore they appointed that day to be a holy day of feasting and gladness.'''

9:19. But those Jews that dwelt in towns not walled and in villages, appointed the fourteenth day of the month Adar for banquets and gladness, so as to rejoice on that day, and send one another portions of their banquets and meats.

9:20. Mordecai wrote all these things, and sent them comprised in letters to the Jews that abode in all the king's provinces, both those that lay near and those afar off,

9:21. That they should receive the fourteenth and fifteenth day of the month Adar for holy days, and always at the return of the year should celebrate them with solemn honor:

9:22. Because on those days the Jews revenged themselves of their enemies, and their mourning and sorrow were turned into mirth and joy, and that these should be days of feasting and gladness, in which they should send one to another portions of meats, and should give gifts to the poor.

9:23. The Jews undertook to observe with solemnity all they had begun to do at that time, which Mordecai by letters had commanded to be done.

9:24. For Haman, the son of Amadathi of the race of Agag, the enemy and adversary of the Jews, had devised evil against them, to kill them and destroy them; and had cast Phur, that is, the lot.

'''9:25. Afterwards Esther went in to the king, beseeching him that his endeavours might be made void by the king's letters: and the evil that he had intended against the Jews, might return upon his own head. And so both he and his sons were hanged upon gibbets.'''

'''9:26. Since that time these days are called Phurim, that is, of lots: because Phur, that is, the lot, was cast into the urn. All things that were done, are contained in the volume of this epistle, that is, of this book:'''

9:27. The things that they suffered, and that were afterwards changed, the Jews took upon themselves and their seed, and upon all that had a mind to be joined to their religion, so that it should be lawful for none to pass these days without solemnity: which the writing testifieth, and certain times require, as the years continually succeed one another.

9:28. These are the days which shall never be forgot: and which all provinces in the whole world shall celebrate throughout all generations: neither is there any city wherein the days of Phurim, that is, of lots, must not be observed by the Jews, and by their posterity, which is bound to these ceremonies.

9:29. Esther the queen, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew, wrote also a second epistle, that with all diligence this day should be established a festival for the time to come.

9:30. They sent to all the Jews that were in the hundred and twenty-seven provinces of king Ahasuerus, that they should have peace, and receive truth,

9:31. Observe the days of lots, and celebrate them with joy in their proper time: as Mordecai and Esther had appointed, and they undertook them to be observed by themselves and by their seed, fasts, and cries, and the days of lots,

9:32. And all things which are contained in the history of this book, which is called Esther.

Chapter 10
'Ahasuerus's greatness. Mordecai's dignity.'

10:1. King Ahasuerus made all the land, and all the islands of the sea tributary.

10:2. His strength and his empire, and the dignity and greatness wherewith he exalted Mordecai, are written in the books of the Medes, and of the Persians:

10:3. How Mordecai of the race of the Jews, was next after king Ahasuerus: and great among the Jews, and acceptable to the people of his brethren, seeking the good of his people, and speaking those things which were for the welfare of his seed.

10:4. Then Mordecai said: God hath done these things.

Then Mordecai, etc. . .Here St. Jerome advertiseth the reader, that what follows is not in the Hebrew, but is found in the Septuagint Greek edition, which the seventy-two interpreters translated out of the Hebrew, or added by the inspiration of the Holy Ghost.

10:5. I remember a dream that I saw, which signified these same things: and nothing thereof hath failed.

10:6. The little fountain which grew into a river, and was turned into a light, and into the sun, and abounded into many waters, is Esther, whom the king married, and made queen.

10:7. But the two dragons are I and Haman.

10:8. The nations that were assembled are they that endeavored to destroy the name of the Jews.

10:9. My nation is Israel, who cried to the Lord, and the Lord saved his people: and he delivered us from all evils, and hath wrought great signs and wonders among the nations:

10:10. He commanded that there should be two lots, one of the people of God, and the other of all the nations.

10:11. Both lots came to the day appointed already from that time before God to all nations:

10:12. The Lord remembered his people, and had mercy on his inheritance.

10:13. These days shall be observed in the month of Adar on the fourteenth, and fifteenth day of the same month, with all diligence, and joy of the people gathered into one assembly, throughout all the generations hereafter of the people of Israel.

Chapter 11
The dream of Mordecai, which in the ancient Greek and Latin Bibles was into the beginning of the book, but was detached by St. Jerome, and put in this place.

11:1. In the fourth year of the reign of Ptolemy and Cleopatra, Dositheus, who said he was a priest, and of the Levitical race, and Ptolemy his son brought this epistle of Phurim, which they said Lysimachus the son of Ptolemy had interpreted in Jerusalem.

11:2. In the second year of the reign of Artaxerxes the great, in the first day of the month Nisan, Mordecai the son of Jair, the son of Semei, the son of Cis, of the tribe of Benjamin:

11:3. A Jew who dwelt in the city of Susan, a great man and among the first of the king's court, had a dream.

11:4. Now he was of the number of the captives, whom Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon had carried away from Jerusalem with Jechonias king of Juda:

11:5. and this was his dream: Behold there were voices, and tumults, and thunders, and earthquakes, and a disturbance upon the earth.

11:6. Behold two great dragons came forth ready to fight one against another.

11:7. At their cry all nations were stirred up to fight against the nation of the just.

11:8. That was a day of darkness and danger, of tribulation and distress, and great fear upon the earth.

11:9. The nation of the just was troubled fearing their own evils, and was prepared for death.

11:10. They cried to God: and as they were crying, a little fountain grew into a very great river, and abounded into many waters.

11:11. The light and the sun rose up, and the humble were exalted, and they devoured the glorious.

11:12. When Mordecai had seen this, and arose out of his bed, he was thinking what God would do: and he kept it fixed in his mind, desirous to know what the dream should signify.

Chapter 12
Mordecai detects the conspiracy of the two eunuchs.

12:1. He abode at that time in the king's court with Bagatha and Thara the king's eunuchs, who were porters of the palace.

12:2. When he understood their designs, and had diligently searched into their projects, he learned that they went about to lay violent hands on king Artaxerxes, and he told the king thereof.

12:3. Then the king had them both examined, and after they had confessed, commanded them to be put to death.

12:4. But the king made a record of what was done: and Mordecai also committed the memory of the thing to writing.

12:5. The king commanded him, to abide in the court of the palace, and gave him presents for the information.

12:6. But Haman the son of Amadathi the Bugite was in great honor with the king, and sought to hurt Mordecai and his people, because of the two eunuchs of the king who were put to death.

Chapter 13
'A copy of a letter sent by Haman to destroy the Jews. Mordecai's prayer for the people.'

13:1. This was the copy of the letter: Artaxerxes, the great king who reigns from India to Ethiopia, to the princes and governors of the hundred and twenty-seven provinces, that are subject to his empire, greeting.

13:2. Whereas I reigned over many nations, and had brought all the world under my dominion, I was not willing to abuse the greatness of my power, but to govern my subjects with clemency and that they might live quietly without any terror, and might enjoy peace, which is desired by all men,

13:3. But when I asked my counselors how this might be accomplished, one that excelled the rest in wisdom and fidelity, and was second after the king, Haman by name,

13:4. Told me that there was a people scattered through the whole world, which used new laws, and acted against the customs of all nations, despised the commandments of kings, and violated by their opposition the concord of all nations.

13:5. Wherefore having learned this, and seeing one nation in opposition to all mankind using perverse laws, and going against our commandments, and disturbing the peace and concord of the provinces subject to us,

13:6. We have commanded that all whom Haman shall mark out, who is chief over all the provinces, and second after the king, and whom we honor as a father, shall be utterly destroyed by their enemies, with their wives and children, and that none shall have pity on them, on the fourteenth day of the twelfth month Adar of this present year:

13:7. That these wicked men going down to hell in one day, may restore to our empire the peace which they had disturbed.

13:8. But Mordecai besought the Lord, remembering all his works,

13:9. and said: O Lord, Lord, almighty king, for all things are in thy power, and there is none that can resist thy will, if thou determine to save Israel.

13:10. Thou hast made heaven and earth and all things that are under the cope of heaven.

13:11. Thou art Lord of all, and there is none that can resist thy majesty.

13:12. Thou knowest all things, and thou knowest that it was not out of pride and or any desire of glory, that I refused to worship the proud Haman,

13:13. (For I would willingly and readily for the salvation of Israel have kissed even the steps of his feet,)

13:14. But I feared lest I should transfer the honor of my God to a man, and lest I should adore any one except my God.



13:15. Now, O Lord, O king, O God of Abraham, have mercy on thy people, because our enemies resolve to destroy us, and extinguish thy inheritance.

13:16. Despise not thy portion, which thou hast redeemed for thyself out of Egypt.

13:17. Hear my supplication, and be merciful to thy lot and inheritance, and turn our mourning into joy, that we may live and praise thy name, O Lord, and shut not the mouths of them that sing to thee.

13:18. All Israel with like mind and supplication cried to the Lord, because they saw certain death hanging over their heads.

Chapter 14
The prayer of Esther for herself and her people.

14:1. Queen Esther also, fearing the danger that was at hand, had recourse to the Lord.

14:2. When she had laid away her royal apparel, she put on garments suitable for weeping and mourning: instead of diverse precious ointments, she covered her head with ashes and dung, and she humbled her body with fasts: and all the places in which before she was accustomed to rejoice, she filled with her torn hair.

14:3. She prayed to the Lord the God of Israel, saying: O my Lord, who alone art our king, help me a desolate woman, and who have no other helper but thee.

14:4. My danger is in my hands.

14:5. I have heard of my father that thou, O Lord, didst take Israel from among all nations, and our fathers from all their predecessors, to possess them as an everlasting inheritance, and thou hast done to them as thou hast promised.

14:6. We have sinned in thy sight, and therefore thou hast delivered us into the hands of our enemies:

'''14:7. For we have worshipped their gods. Thou art just, O Lord.'''

14:8. Now they are not content to oppress us with most hard bondage, but attributing the strength of their hands to the power of their idols.

14:9. They design to change thy promises, and destroy thy inheritance, and shut the mouths of them that praise thee, and extinguish the glory of thy temple and altar,

14:10. That they may open the mouths of Gentiles, and praise the strength of idols, and magnify forever a carnal king.

14:11. Give not, O Lord, thy scepter to them that are not, lest they laugh at our ruin: but turn their counsel upon themselves, and destroy him that hath begun to rage against us.

14:12. Remember, O Lord, and show thyself to us in the time of our tribulation, and give me boldness, O Lord, king of gods, and of all power:



14:13. Give me a well ordered speech in my mouth in the presence of the lion, and turn his heart to the hatred of our enemy, that both he himself may perish, and the rest that consent to him.

14:14. But deliver us by thy hand, and help me, who have no other helper, but thee, O Lord, who hast the knowledge of all things.

14:15. Thou knowest that I hate the glory of the wicked, and abhor the bed of the uncircumcised, and of every stranger.

14:16. Thou knowest my necessity, that I abominate the sign of my pride and glory, which is upon my head in the days of my public appearance, and detest it as a menstruous rag, and wear it not in the days of my silence,

14:17. and that I have not eaten at Haman's table, nor has the king's banquet pleased me, and that I have not drunk the wine of the drink offerings:

14:18. and that thy handmaid has never rejoiced, since I was brought hither unto this day but in thee, O Lord, the God of Abraham.

14:19. O God, who art mighty above all, hear the voice of them, that have no other hope, and deliver us from the hand of the wicked, and deliver me from my fear.

Chapter 15
Esther comes into the king's presence: she is terrified, but God turns his heart.

15:1. He commanded her (no doubt but he was Mordecai) to go to the king, and petition for her people, and for her country.

15:2. Remember, (said he,) the days of thy low estate, how thou wast brought up by my hand, because Haman the second after the king hath spoken against us unto death.

15:3. Do thou call upon the Lord, and speak to the king for us, and deliver us from death.

15:4. On the third day she laid away the garments she wore, and put on her glorious apparel.

15:5. Glittering in royal robes, after she had called upon God the ruler and Savior of all, she took two maids with her,

15:6. and upon one of them she leaned, as if for delicateness and overmuch tenderness she were not able to bear up her own body.

15:7. The other maid followed her lady, bearing up her train flowing on the ground.

15:8. But she with a rosy color in her face, and with gracious and bright eyes hid a mind full of anguish, and exceeding great fear.

15:9. So going in she passed through all doors in order, and stood before the king, where he sat upon his royal throne, clothed with his royal robes, and glittering with gold, and precious stones, and he was terrible to behold.

15:10. When he had lifted up his countenance, and with burning eyes had shown the wrath of his heart, the queen sunk down, and her color turned pale, and she rested her weary head upon her handmaid.

15:11. God changed the king's spirit into mildness, and all in haste and in fear he leaped from his throne, and holding her up in his arms, till she came to herself, caressed her with these words:

'''15:12. What is the matter, Esther? I am thy brother, fear not.'''

15:13. Thou shalt not die: for this law is not made for thee, but for all others.

15:14. Come near then, and touch the scepter.

15:15. As she held her peace, he took the golden scepter, and laid it upon her neck, and kissed her, and said: Why dost thou not speak to me?

15:16. She answered: I saw thee, my lord, as an angel of God, and my heart was troubled for fear of thy majesty.

15:17. For thou, my lord, art very admirable, and thy face is full of graces.

15:18. While she was speaking, she fell down again, and was almost in a swoon.

15:19. But the king was troubled, and all his servants comforted her.

Chapter 16
A copy of the king's letter in favor of the Jews.

16:1. The great king Artaxerxes, from India to Ethiopia, to the governors and princes of a hundred and twenty-seven provinces, which obey our command, sends greeting.



From India to Ethiopia. . .That is, who reigns from India to Ethiopia.

16:2. Many have abused unto pride the goodness of princes, and the honor that has been bestowed upon them:

16:3. Not only endeavor to oppress the king's subjects, but not bearing the glory that is given them, take in hand, to practice also against them that gave it.

16:4. Neither are they content not to return thanks for benefits received, and to violate in themselves the laws of humanity, but they think they can also escape the justice of God who sees all things.

16:5. They break out into so great madness, as to endeavor to undermine by lies such as observe diligently the offices committed to them, and do all things in such manner as to be worthy of all men's praise,

16:6. While with crafty fraud they deceive the ears of princes that are well meaning, and judge of others by their own nature.

16:7. Now this is proved both from ancient histories, and by the things which are done daily, how the good designs of kings are depraved by the evil suggestions of certain men.

16:8. Wherefore we must provide for the peace of all provinces.

16:9. Neither must you think, if we command different things, that it cometh of the levity of our mind, but that we give sentence according to the quality and necessity of times, as the profit of the commonwealth requires.

16:10. Now that you may more plainly understand what we say, Haman the son of Amadathi, a Macedonian both in mind and country, and having nothing of the Persian blood, but with his cruelty staining our goodness, was received being a stranger by us:

16:11. and found our humanity so great towards him, that he was called our father, and was worshipped by all as the next man after the king:

16:12. But he was so far puffed up with arrogancy, as to go about to deprive us of our kingdom and life.

16:13. For with certain new and unheard of devices he hath sought the destruction of Mordecai, by whose fidelity and good services our life was saved, and of Esther the partner of our kingdom with all their nation:



16:14. Thinking that after they were slain, he might work treason against us left alone without friends, and might transfer the kingdom of the Persians to the Macedonians.

16:15. But we have found that the Jews, who were by that most wicked man appointed to be slain, are in no fault at all, but contrariwise, use just laws,

16:16. and are the children of the highest and the greatest, and the ever living God, by whose benefit the kingdom was given both to our fathers and to us, and is kept unto this day.

16:17. Wherefore know ye that those letters which he sent in our name, are void and of no effect.

16:18. For which crime both he himself that devised it, and all his kindred hang on gibbets, before the gates of this city Susan: not we, but God repaying him as he deserved.

16:19. But this edict, which we now send, shall be published in all cities, that the Jews may freely follow their own laws.

16:20. You shall aid them that they may kill those who had prepared themselves to kill them, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is called Adar.

16:21. For the almighty God hath turned this day of sadness and mourning into joy to them.

16:22. Wherefore you shall also count this day among other festival days, and celebrate it with all joy, that it may be known also in times to come,

16:23. That all they who faithfully obey the Persians, receive a worthy reward for their fidelity: but they that are traitors to their kingdom, are destroyed for their wickedness.

16:24. Let every province and city, that will not be partaker of this solemnity, perish by the sword and by fire, and be destroyed in such manner as to be made unpassable, both to men and beasts, for an example of contempt, and disobedience.